UK energy production costs 2000–2024

Indexed to 2000 = 100

Sources: DESNZ Electricity Generation Costs 2023, IRENA, BP Statistical Review. Approximated from published reports.

UK nuclear generation 2000–2035

TWh output — actual and projected. The gap before Hinkley Point C.

Actual output Projected

Sources: DESNZ, Carbon Brief 2025. Projected values based on confirmed plant retirement schedule. Hinkley Point C start: 2030 earliest. % of grid estimated against ~300 TWh total.

UK electricity generation mix 2000–2024

Annual output by source in TWh

Sources: DESNZ DUKES Chapter 5 (2025), Carbon Brief, National Grid ESO.

UK electricity: production, consumption & import gap

TWh — confirmed DESNZ data with CCC demand projections to 2050

34 TWh

Production gap 2024

33.4 TWh

Net imports 2024 — record high

£3bn+

Annual import cost at £250m/month

×2.4

Demand growth forecast to 2050

Demand (consumption) Domestic generation Net imports Import gap (demand − generation) Projected

Confirmed sources: DESNZ DUKES Chapter 5 (2025) for 2023–2024 actuals. Historical generation from DESNZ Energy Trends. Demand projections: Climate Change Committee (CCC) central scenario. Net imports 2000–2022: DESNZ Energy Trends Table 5.13. Dashed lines = projections. Gap shading = demand minus domestic generation.